Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Fairness in the Workplace - 1152 Words
Fairness in the workplace American society is slowly, but surely, moving towards equality in the workplace. In the past decade laws have been passed that prohibit discrimination in hiring, retaining and promoting employees based on race, gender, disability and religious beliefs. Although not all groups have been included yet, the movement towards a more just workplace is evident. Nowadays, almost every single employer will have the sign Equal Opportunity Employer under the name of the company, especially when recruiting. However, even though companies have adopted these standards as a part of their corporate culture, not all people are able to fully appreciate and accept diversity in the workplace. Although there are manyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Schwartz mentions that while some think that career-family oriented women are not committed enough to their work, at the same time men also think that career-primary women are masculine. This, of course, is nothing other than the fruits of the old-ro oted stereotypes, which are not easily annihilated. Women are not the only ones who suffer from societal expectations. In her article about the white male privilege, among with privileges of other groups, McIntosh mentions a disturbing privilege that white people enjoy. I can take a job with an affirmative action employer without having my co-workers on the job suspect that I got in because of my race Because a law was made to help equal out a situation, people seem to expect that most of the African-American employees were hired because of affirmative action. I have often heard such statements made by people in places that I worked for, Yeah, they probably hired him so we can pretend to value diversity or because of affirmative action. This statement can be true in some cases, but it is not fair to expect that every single minority employee is less capable than someone else and was hired for reasons other than his/her merit. Immediately, a person with this view expects the new employee to be less skilled and educated, which is probably not true most of the time. Such outlook can cause jealousy and hostility and further complicate the problems of today s workplace. Finally, if all the aboveShow MoreRelatedWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words à |à 6 Pagesunderdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as ââ¬Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.â⬠according to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). Discrimination comes in many different forms in the workplace and this report will cover those forms as well as what to do in a situationRead MoreHow Motivate And Retain Your Fellow Employee1392 Words à |à 6 Pagesopinions and constructive criticism in our workplaces. The people who undergo various situations is the employees, it can be from being treated unlikely oppose to others, or congratulating an employee on the successful progress at work. In this research paper we will express the many different ways on how to motivate and retain your fellow employeeââ¬â¢s. Motivation playââ¬â¢s an important part towards an employee, if they are approached with appreciation at their workplace this will encourage the workerââ¬â¢s desireRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Labour1074 Words à |à 5 Pagesbe adopted. (Kolk Van Tulder, 2002). Therefore child labour does not comply with the Global business standard codex principles such as the fairness principle, the transparency principle, and the responsiveness principle. Children are now exploited by businesses contending in todayââ¬â¢s increasingly economical global marketplace referring to the fairness principle. This is due to the fact that businesses are only required to pay minimum wages to these vulnerable children. Companies are not troubledRead MoreLiterature Review On Diversity Management Essay1489 Words à |à 6 Pagesimportant aspect taken into consideration by many organizations. This is mainly due to the migration of expatriates, globalization and initiatives taken for fairness, equal opportunity and social justice(Rainey2, 2014). In last few decades, the entire world and organizations has faced a significant increase in the demographic diversity of the workplace. Many policies have been formulated by the organizations all over the world to control diversity management. Due to such policies like equal employmentRead MoreThe Influence of Electronic Employee Monitoring on Organizational Culture962 Words à |à 4 Pagesthat organizatio nal culture is powerful in determining employee attitude, behavior, and reactions to specific events and practices. This study suggests that culture does have a direct influence on how fairness is perceived and moderates the relationship in participation, object, amount, and the fairness of the monitoring system. Organizational culture type is defined into three categories; bureaucratic, innovative, and supportive. Bureaucratic and innovative cultures have both been associated with highRead More`` Still Separate, Still Unequal `` By David Matthews Essay1579 Words à |à 7 PagesThe battle to achieve a sense of fairness and equality has been relevant amongst humans since the beginning of time. Advocates who effortlessly argue the need for an equal socioeconomic system recognize that little to no change has been made throughout time. Philosopher John Rawlsââ¬â¢s principles of fairness and equality state that everyone has a right to basic liberties and the greatest social and econo mic privileges are granted only if the greatest social and economic benefits are granted to the mostRead MoreEthics And Product Consumption Of Coca Cola1320 Words à |à 6 PagesMarketing is only one intricate facet for any company sustainability. There are six components for the marketing code of ethics, also known as ââ¬Å"the six pillarsâ⬠of marketing (6PM). The 6PM components includes: 1) caring, 2) citizenship, 3) honesty, 4) fairness, 5) responsibility and 6) respect. All these components separately play a significant part in the marketing code. Understanding how each element pertains individually and collectively to the success of a business can prove crucial to any organizationRead MoreEnron Case : The Smartest Guys Of The Room1149 Words à |à 5 Pagesfollow so they could have avoided the influence of corruption. In view creating a personal code of ethics one must consider the aspect of relationship, honesty and integrity, work ethic, transparency and disclosure of information, and fairness. In a relationship of any kind, I demonstrate respect, patience, loyalty, and trustworthiness. It is imperative to produce and maintain these characteristics. The foundation of my personal code of ethics, as it relates to relationships, wouldRead MoreAre Women Treated Less Favorably than Men in the Workplace? Essay example1128 Words à |à 5 Pagestheir right to vote, obtain a college education, and more recently, equal pay and employment opportunities. Although we have made great strides in narrowing the wage gap, women today have yet to gain the same respect and equal pay as men in the workplace. The Equal Pay Act, also known as the EPA, was passed by Congress in 1963 to provide a remedy to discriminatory wage structures that reflect an ancient but outmoded belief that a man, because of his role in society, should be paid more than aRead MoreThe Wage Gap Between Men And Women1337 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe male species. For years, women have been discriminated against in an array of areas such as politics, at home, and in the workplace. The most debated area of gender discrimination is the wage gap between men and women. After reviewing the following facts, it is obvious women are essentially just as valuable as men, and therefore should be treated equally in the workplace. The pay gap between males and females has been a topic that has been heavily debated for years. To every story, there are two
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Vincent van Gogh Essay Example For Students
Vincent van Gogh Essay Vincent van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in Groot-Zundert. As he grew up he was a salesman in an art gallery, a French tutor, a theological student, and a preacher. When van Gogh went to live with his brother in Paris he was influenced by all the new art movements developing and he began to experiment with all the techniques. After he left Paris he lived in southern France. After van Gogh cut off part of his ear he was kept in an asylum for a year. He was the best Dutch painter after Rembrandt van Rijn. On July 27, 1890 Vincent van Gogh shot himself and he died two days later. Vincent van Gogh was a painter, and a drawer. When van Gogh lived in southern France, he began to paint scenes of fields, cypress trees, peasants, and rustic life characteristics of the region. He used swirling brush strokes and intense yellows, greens, and blues. (Examples: Starry Night and Bedroom at Arles) Vincent van Gogh loved brush work with crawls, very thick and an inherent movement and awareness of colors. Once Vincent moved to Paris he learned of more colors which helped him to create distinctive dashed brushstrokes. In some paintings he uses bright patches of contrasting colors, Van Gogh essay. The way Vincent van Gogh used color and lines express his emotions and they way he felt in the world around him. He believed that the colors he used had their own meaning. He used striking colors and coarse brushwork. Van Gogh used the Impressionists style but added in his own styles too; which lead him to develop a style of unique painting. When he first started to paint he used dark and gloomy colors. But after the development of more pigments of colors and once he was exposed to the work of the Impressionists he was introduced to more bright colors. He was also influenced by painters from Japan which influenced him to paint dark outlines around objects and filled the areas in with thick color. He used complementary colors to help make things brighter. His choice of color also depended on his moods. Van Gogh used colors varied from yellow to purple to white. He used chrome lemon, chrome yellow light, chrome yellow medium, vandyck brown, chrome orange, geranium vermillion, carmine, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, emerald green, chrome oxide green, viridian, lead white, and zinc white. Van Gogh attempted to use harmony in many some of his paintings. Vincent van Gogh would paint, draw, paint with water colors, graphic works and sketches of letters. The new form of art that van Gogh had created is now called Expressionism. Van Gogh had a large influence on modern day art. Vincent van Gogh has painted more then 860 paintings and has almost 1,200 drawings that have survived. Van Gogh was also an oil painter. He painted mainly on canvas. His paintings normally show the objects people and places in his life but are usually distorted. He used visible dotted or dashed brush marks in his paintings.
Monday, April 13, 2020
How the event organizers influence Sydneys annual City to surf event for wider social and economic outcomes
Recently, sports have been viewed to be one of the most valuable instruments that can be used in promotion of a region as a tourist attraction centre, a place for business location, and an attractive place where people can live and at the same time, work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How the event organizers influence Sydneyââ¬â¢s annual City to surf event for wider social and economic outcomes? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sports also have become a catalyst, which countries are using to do city marketing, and there is a growing interest in the world today in the use of sports and particularly sport events. This is evident when we examine some of the cities in the world, which have hosted the Olympics like Barcelona, Calgary, and Atlanta. The countries have utilized the opportunity to promote tourism in a great way. Accordingly, this has promoted the economy of these countries, because the number of tou rists received each year increases tremendously. The organizers could increase the social and economic outcome by carrying out intensive advertising, which is aimed at creating awareness of the event to all potential investors. This would help them invest in new facilities such as hotels, and amenities. They can also challenge the government to carry out development projects in the region to make facilities like infrastructure attain the required world standards. This would require the government to invest millions of dollars in the economy in preparation of such an event in constructing new modern roads, expand airports, and air-line services, improve telecommunication systems, and hotels. Another strategy would be to re-image the city or re- brand it, which entails showing the strengths and the good structures in a region to change the peopleââ¬â¢s perception on the city. The planners should develop long-term strategies, which have the ability to capitalize and be able to retai n the benefits derived by the city after the event has occurred and ensure the city continues to enjoy these benefits for a long time. This essay on How the event organizers influence Sydneyââ¬â¢s annual City to surf event for wider social and economic outcomes? was written and submitted by user Nola West to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Prevention of Stress Essays
Prevention of Stress Essays Prevention of Stress Paper Prevention of Stress Paper To help reduce stress and improve the quality of life, many organizations are becoming more involved in wellness programs. With increasing health care costs, many employers are concentrating on disease prevention and health promotion. By putting a wellness program in place, it leads to a healthier workforce which increases its productivity level, reduces employee absenteeism, creates less overtime, and it also cuts the cost of health benefits (Kizer, 1987). Another reason that many companies are developing a wellness program within the organization is the effect it has on the bottom line. By preventing stress, an organization has happy healthy employees which means t quality and quantity of work will be improved. For example A middle manager may be a companys shining star, but if he is living in constant disharmony at home, or if his teenage daughter, whom he suspects is using street drugs, did not come home until 3 a. m. last Saturday night this promising manager is not going to be particularly efficient at even routine daily tasks. A worksite wellness program could help (Kizer, 1987, p. 36). Another contributing factor to higher job related stress is less leisure and vacation time. Throughout the 1980s, the amount of paid time off for employees is act shrinking. Many European workers are gaining vacation time, while Americans are losing it. In the last decade, U. S. workers have gotten less paid time off on the order of three and a half fewer days each year of vacation time, holidays, sick pay, and other paid absences. (Schor, 1991 p. 32). Many companies faced an economic squeeze in the 1980ââ¬â¢s. Vacations and holidays were among the cost-cutting efforts. DuPont reduced its top vacation allotment time from seven four weeks. They also eliminated three of their paid holidays a year. With the new trend of downsizing, many employees are fearful of job loss and therefore, spend less time away from the workplace (Schor, 1991, p. 32). Individuals who experience high or frequent levels of stress need to learn to cope. High levels of stress can effect job performance and it can also be unhealthy. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, people need to attempt to take responsibility for stress. Those individuals need to learn more about stress in general and how it effects them. They also need to develop technique. , for monitoring personal levels of stress and develop techniques to deal with job related stress. Employees should look within the organization on ways to alleviate stress and how to cope more effectively. Organizations an often unnecessarily stressful and should be changed to reduce the negative impact on individuals physical and mental health (Paine, 1982, p. 21). Three major strategies for strengthening individuals are workshops, stress management skills, and focused short term counseling. Introductory workshops are essential to communicate and educate to be more mentally and physically healthy. Such workshops which specialize in topics as time management or relaxation techniques help to alleviate the stress in ones life (Paine, 1982, p. 22). Finding techniques that deal with personal stress can also be useful in dealing with job stress. Regular aerobic exercise to deep breathing techniques are potentially useful in stress management. Many specialist agree that there is not any one method to overcome the problem. One needs to realize their own self needs and strengths in dealing with stress management (Paine, 1982, p. 23). There are many different ways in which you can deal with job stress. Individuals can take on simple self-help countermeasures. There is also help from friends, colleagues, spouse, or other relatives. Professional help is available from clergymen, physicians, or counselors. The worksite offers several advantages for employees interested in making healthy lifestyle changes. The advantages include: Most employees go to a worksite on a regular schedule, thus providing opportunities for regular participation in wellness programs. Contact with co-workers can provide strong social support which is believed to be a primary force in sustaining lifestyle changes. Opportunities for strong, steady support of the program, as well as for promoting the concept that good health is good for everyone. Programs at the worksite may be less expensive to the employee than comparable programs in the community or may even be offered free as an employee benefit. Because of the varity of data systems available, it is possible to evaluate changes in an employees health status or other measures resulting from the program. The most attractive feature from an employeeââ¬â¢s viewpoint is the fact that the program is convenient. From the employers viewpoint the benefits of worksite health promotion for stress include: Improved employee morale Improved employee relations Improved retention Improved community relations. Reduced absenteeism Reduced number of hours lost to late arrivals and sick davs. Since theres no getting around lifeââ¬â¢s problems, the best way to manage stress is to learn better coping skills. First pinpoint the reasons for stress in your life. Then try changing your attitude about them. Learn what you can control and accept the things you cannot. Practice self talk (this to shall pass, Some day we will laugh about this, or Its a learning experience). Keep your perspective. Ask yourself, Will I remember this in five years? Try to find the positive side to a stressful situation. Do not worry about things that may never happen. Practice positive self-talk, for example,I can do this,or Im in control. Negative self-talk such as, I have to be perfect,ââ¬â¢ or I cant do this, produces more stress. Take action to manage stress. Changes and stress create energy. Are you using that energy to continue toward your goals? Or are you letting stress make you unhappy and unproductive? Take action to control your stress, both at work and at home. Manage your time better- make a to do list. Make it realistic so you can do the things listed and set priorities. Break task into bite size chunks. Delegate as much as possible. Keep in mind that tomorrow is another day and accept the fact that you may not get everything done today. Make sure you are communicating effectively- Go into stressful meetings as fully prepared as possible. Organize your thoughts, establish eye contact and listen for the whole message, including content feelings, and meanings. Remember that solving problems depends on give and take. Be prepared to negotiate and compromise. Break the tension cycle-At your desk, close your eyes, breathe deeply and relax. Laugh with co-workers, go out for lunch. At home, read a book, take a walk, chat with next door neighbors. Gets plenty of regular exercise and sleep-they will help you cope better. Get organized at home-Set daily and weekly routines for household chores. Delegate some chores to other family members. Cook meals in large quantities and freeze some for later. Plan for emergencies, keep first aid supplies and an extra set of car keys around. Stress can affect your self-esteem and your health, if you let it. Be kind to yourself. Relax, keep a positive attitude and get involved in activities you enjoy. Build on your strengths, take care of yourself Also team to reach out to others. Everyone needs a support system, a network of trustworthy people you care about and who care about you. Share your feelings so that they dont build up. Then focus on building positive energy. Stress is a normal, involuntary response to any demand made upon the body. Stress is very complex. Sources of stress may be made either more positive or more negative by a range of factors related to a given situation. Stress has become a widely used yet poorly understood term. As a result, a number of misconceptions about stress exist. Three of the most identified misconceptions are that: all stress is dab, stress is a part of life and there is nothing you can do about it, and stress is caused solely and completely by environmental factors. Stress is very much a personal condition, and individuals vary in their ability to cope with different forms and levels of stress. An example of this stress on a personal note would be co-worker conflict. When this stress occurs co-workers should discuss this matter privately. If possible, arrange your meeting on neutral grounds. Approach the person in a non-threatening manner. Respond to them with: I would like to talk something over with you. Try to make the other person feel less defensive or angry. Do not blame the other person. Listen closely to the other person. Understanding the other point of view may help you feet less stressful. Focus on ways to solve the problem. In this I mean do not revisit every past negative incident, this may distract from the resolution. Finally if none of the above work, seek help. If necessary talk with an employee assistance counselor who can help develop ground rules for such discussions and promote respectful communications. Stress is a complex process. It can arise in white collar as well as in blue-collar workers. Surveys have found little difference between white and blue-collar workers in terms of complaints, health, life satisfaction, depression, or other indicators of stress. Shift workers are thought to be more susceptible to stress-related illnesses. Because of personal involvement with the disruption in basic steep patterns and disruption in social life. Since every situation is unique, there are probably as many separate sources of stress as there are work situation. This may is important to recognize when seeking to evaluate working environments for sources of stress. Never the less sources of work related stress can be grouped into four general categories. Work load-which means stress resulting from to much work, to little work, work that is to hard or to easy. Work conditions-refers to a wide variety of factors including organization structure, such as job loss, change in work, and similar factors. Work patterns- pertains to shift work, repetitive work, and paced work Work roles-, which can be stressful because of role expectations with efficient use of resources and staff. Employers may also wish to introduce an EAP, which provides an effective strategy for assisting employees with personal and work related problems. Where organizations believe it would be necessary to make decisions about the quality of the proposed program. Such decisions should be made on the basis of a well-defined set of criteria. The following set of eight criteria for evaluating and selecting a stress intervention program is suggested. 1. A program should be conducted on both the organizational and individual level. 2. Content should be work related, but aim at reducing unwanted stress effects which may result from social, or personal factors. 3. Program should be based on valid research findings and conducted by qualified personnel. 4. Program should include regular and on going evaluation of its effectiveness in meeting program objectives. 5. Should include follow up evaluations, consultations, and refresher sessions for techniques learned. 6. Program should aim to affect both the attitudes and the behavior of participants. 7. Program for individual stress management should be flexible with goals which are reasonable, rather easily achieved, promoting high success rates, and participation should be voluntary. 8. Program should be chosen or constructed and implemented on the basis of close cooperation between management, employees, and professionals in the field. Employers and employees share responsibility for the maintenance of a healthy and safe working environment. Employers are by law obligated to provide a safe working intervention, formal and informal, is shared responsibility and calls for a cooperative effort. In general people react badly with either to little or to much stress. In basic terms, stress is one aspect of living that can be beneficial when it motivates, encourages changes or inspire. Behsahel, J. , Goodloe, A. , and Kely, J. (1984) Managing yourself-How to control Emotions, Stress, and Time. New Yourk: Franklin Watts. Kizer, William M. (1987). The Healthy Workplace- New York: John Wiley and Sons Paine, Whiton Stewart. (I 982). Job Stress and Burnout. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Schor,juliet B. (1991). The Overworked American. New York: Basic Books. Cooper and Marshall. (1985) Stress in the Workplace
Monday, February 24, 2020
MPH503, Infertility and Public Health, Mod 4 Case Assignment Essay
MPH503, Infertility and Public Health, Mod 4 Case Assignment - Essay Example The usual things, of course, such as am I healthy enough, am I in a stable relationship, and is this a good environment for the child? Can I actually afford this very expensive procedure and if the father is known, is this someone that I may need to be connected to his family? Other than those typical kinds of things, there is the criticism. Today there is much controversy as to whether it is an acceptable way to raise children. This causes quite a lot of criticism and discussion that even the child will have to learn to deal with. Much of that controversy centers around the fear that the children will not be well adjusted and if raised by lesbians will be gay themselves (Drexler, 2002). Many studies are showing this not to be true, in fact Drexlerââ¬â¢s (2002) study shows that these children are probably better adjusted than other children. There are, however, a couple of issue that present themselves in the literature. One of those is that older couples as well as older women are using this technique to have children. This has precipitated several studies. Bovin, Rice, and Hay et.al. (2009) completed a study that shows that even though there is less outward emotion shown in these older parents, children remain very stable and do not have unusual problems growing up. Another issue that is represented in the literature is the involvement of grandparents. In the event that the grandparents are known most of them admitted that they would want to have contact with these children. In a study completed by Fulcher, Chan Raboy et.al.(2002), eighty families were studied and the result was that in as many households that were heterosexual as well as lesbian, the grandparents as well as uncles and other extended family members were a regular part of these children lives. In conclusion, the use of ART by women who are lesbian or women who wish to have a family as a single parent remains somewhat
Friday, February 7, 2020
Emily Dickinson's In A Library Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Emily Dickinson's In A Library - Essay Example Amherst Academy as a young girl where she learned the subjects of her time which included everything from classical literature and geology to religion and biology. She went on to study at Mary Lyons Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, but left less than a year later. She never traveled far from her home at Amherst, and was never married. Despite not being given much to cultivating human society, she certainly valued her friends, Susan Gilbert being one of her constant friends, who later became her sister-in-law. She maintained long correspondences with valued friends such as Thomas Wentworth Higginson who was possibly also her sole critic, and maybe even one of her romantic attachments. She wrote prolifically till her death in 1886. She died at the age of 56 of Brights disease, and was buried in white at Amherst, in keeping with her rigorously white attire through most of her later life. One of the strongest aspects of Dickinsons poetry is its capacity for layered meanings, and ââ¬Å"In a Libraryâ⬠is no exception. For Dickinson, a written word was open to many interpretations, and the reader was very much a part of the poetic process: ââ¬Å"A word is dead, when it is said /Some say - /I say it just begins to live/ That dayâ⬠(L 374; P 1212). She accepted that her words could, and often did take different and often unintended meanings in a readers mind. On the surface, ââ¬Å"In a Libraryâ⬠is a poem about delving into the past with a book, to take pleasure in a flight of fancy by witnessing history as recorded on its pages, by taking part in myth, by understanding the perspectives and opinions that informed scholastic work during a time long gone past. On another level, the poem can also be seen as an association with a dear old fatherly acquaintance, here personified in a book. The experience of reading a really old book, its aged textures and its nostalgic fragrance is almost like meeting up with an elderly, knowledgeable father figure, and Dickinson plays on this dual
Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Rmsa Essay Example for Free
Rmsa Essay With the liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy, the rapid changes witnessed in scientific and technological world and the general need to improve the quality of life and to reduce poverty, it is essential that school leavers acquire a higher level of knowledge and skills than what they are provided in the 8 years of elementary education, particularly when the average earning of a secondary school certificate holder is significantly higher than that of a person who has studied only up to class VIII. It is also necessary that besides general education up to secondary level, opportunities for improvement of vocational knowledge and skill should be provided at the higher secondary level to enable some students to be employable. 1. 1. 4. Since universalisation of elementary education has become a Constitutional mandate, it is absolutely essential to push this vision forward to move towards Universalisation of secondary education, which has already been achieved in a large number of developed countries and several developing countries. Paras 5. 13 ââ¬â 5. 15 of the National Policy on Education NPE), 1986 (as modified in 1992) deal with Secondary Education. Para 5. 13 of the NPE, inter- alia, stated that ââ¬Å"Access to Secondary Education will be widened with emphasis on enrolment of girls, SCs and STs, particularly in science, commerce and vocational streamsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. Vocationalization through specialized institutions or through the re-fashioning of secondary education wil l, at this stage, provide valuable manpower for economic growthâ⬠. Page 1 of 65 1. 1. 5. Honââ¬â¢ble Prime Minister in his Independence Day Speech, 2007 has inter-alia stated that, ââ¬Å"We are setting out a goal of universalizing secondary education. This is clearly the nest step after universalizing elementary education. While the goal is laudable much work needs to be done before we are in a position to launch the Scheme for Universalisation of Access for Secondary Education (SUCCESS). Its details need to be quickly spelt out and discussed with States so that we are fully ready to launch it from 2008-09. We must not underestimate the complexity of this task as the principles for universalizing elementary education cannot be easily transferred to secondary education. The physical, financial, pedagogical and human resource needs are quite different. We also need to recognize the role currently being played by the private sector and policy design must factor this in. Detailed strategies and plans would need to be worked out rapidly for each state. Special attention would need to be paid to Districts with SC/ST/OBC/Minority concentrati
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